"Rashin layi yana nufin yana da wuya a warware," Arthur Matuck, masanin lissafi a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts (MIT), sau ɗaya ya ce.Amma ya kamata a magance shi lokacin da aka yi amfani da rashin daidaituwa ga nauyin wutar lantarki, saboda yana haifar da ma'auni mai jituwa kuma yana da mummunar tasiri akan rarraba wutar lantarki - kuma yana da tsada.Anan, Marek Lukaszczyk, Manajan Kasuwancin Turai da Gabas ta Tsakiya na WEG, masana'anta na duniya kuma mai samar da motoci da fasahar tuƙi, yayi bayanin yadda ake rage jituwa a aikace-aikacen inverter.
Fitilar fitilun fitilu, samar da wutar lantarki mai sauyawa, tanderun baka na lantarki, masu gyarawa da masu sauya mitoci.Duk waɗannan misalai ne na na'urori masu nauyin da ba na layi ba, wanda ke nufin cewa na'urar tana ɗaukar ƙarfin lantarki da halin yanzu a cikin nau'i na gajeren lokaci.Sun bambanta da na'urorin da ke da lodin layi-kamar injina, na'urorin dumama sararin samaniya, na'urorin lantarki masu kuzari, da kwararan fitila.Don lodin linzamin kwamfuta, alaƙar da ke tsakanin ƙarfin lantarki da na yau da kullun na sinusoidal ne, kuma na yanzu a kowane lokaci ya yi daidai da ƙarfin lantarki wanda dokar Ohm ta bayyana.
Matsala ɗaya tare da duk kayan da ba na layi ba shine suna haifar da igiyoyin jituwa.Harmonics abubuwa ne na mitar da yawanci sama da ainihin mitar wutar lantarki, tsakanin 50 ko 60 Hertz (Hz), kuma ana ƙara su zuwa ainihin halin yanzu.Wadannan karin igiyoyin za su haifar da karkatar da tsarin wutar lantarki da kuma rage ikonsa.
Ƙunƙarar igiyoyin jituwa da ke gudana a cikin tsarin lantarki na iya haifar da wasu abubuwan da ba a so, kamar karkatar da wutar lantarki a wuraren haɗin kai tare da wasu lodi, da kuma zafi na igiyoyi.A cikin waɗannan lokuta, jimlar murdiya ta jituwa (THD) na iya gaya mana nawa ƙarfin lantarki ko murdiya ta yanzu ta haifar da jituwa.
A cikin wannan labarin, za mu yi nazarin yadda za a rage masu jituwa a cikin aikace-aikacen inverter bisa ga shawarwarin masana'antu don daidaitaccen kulawa da fassarar abubuwan da ke haifar da matsalolin ingancin makamashi.
Birtaniya ta yi amfani da Shawarar Injiniya (EREC) G5 na Ƙungiyar Sadarwar Makamashi (ENA) a matsayin kyakkyawar al'ada don sarrafa karkatar da wutar lantarki mai jituwa a cikin tsarin watsawa da hanyoyin rarrabawa.A cikin Tarayyar Turai, waɗannan shawarwari yawanci suna ƙunshe ne a cikin umarnin daidaitawa na lantarki (EMC), waɗanda suka haɗa da ma'auni daban-daban na Hukumar Lantarki ta Duniya (IEC), kamar IEC 60050. IEEE 519 yawanci ma'aunin Arewacin Amurka ne, amma yana da kyau a lura cewa IEEE 519 yana mai da hankali kan tsarin rarraba maimakon na'urori guda ɗaya.
Da zarar an ƙayyade matakan jituwa ta hanyar kwaikwayo ko aunawa, akwai hanyoyi da yawa don rage su don kiyaye su cikin iyakoki masu karɓuwa.Amma menene iyakar yarda?
Tun da ba zai yiwu ba ta hanyar tattalin arziki ko kuma ba zai yiwu ba don kawar da duk masu jituwa, akwai matakan EMC guda biyu na duniya waɗanda ke iyakance karkatar da wutar lantarki ta hanyar ƙididdige iyakar ƙimar halin yanzu masu jituwa.Su ne ma'auni na IEC 61000-3-2, dacewa da kayan aiki tare da ƙimar halin yanzu har zuwa 16 A (A) da ≤ 75 A kowane lokaci, da ma'aunin IEC 61000-3-12, dacewa da kayan aiki sama da 16 A.
Iyaka akan daidaitawar ƙarfin lantarki yakamata ya kasance don kiyaye THD (V) na ma'anar haɗaɗɗiyar gama gari (PCC) a ≤ 5%.PCC ita ce wurin da aka haɗa masu sarrafa wutar lantarki na tsarin rarraba wutar lantarki zuwa masu gudanarwa na abokin ciniki da duk wani watsa wutar lantarki tsakanin abokin ciniki da tsarin rarraba wutar lantarki.
An yi amfani da shawarar ≤ 5% azaman kawai abin da ake buƙata don aikace-aikace da yawa.Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa a lokuta da yawa, kawai yin amfani da inverter tare da mai gyara 6-pulse rectifier da shigar da amsawa ko inductor haɗin kai tsaye (DC) ya isa ya dace da matsakaicin shawarar karkatar da wutar lantarki.Tabbas, idan aka kwatanta da inverter 6-pulse ba tare da wani inductor a cikin hanyar haɗin yanar gizon ba, ta yin amfani da inverter tare da inductor na DC (kamar WEG na kansa CFW11, CFW700, da CFW500) na iya rage yawan radiation masu jituwa.
In ba haka ba, akwai wasu zaɓuɓɓuka da yawa don rage tsarin jituwa a aikace-aikacen inverter, wanda zamu gabatar anan.
Ɗayan mafita don rage masu jituwa shine amfani da inverter tare da mai gyara bugun bugun jini 12.Duk da haka, wannan hanya yawanci ana amfani da ita ne kawai idan an riga an shigar da na'ura mai canzawa;don inverters da yawa da aka haɗa zuwa hanyar haɗin DC guda ɗaya;ko kuma idan sabon shigarwa yana buƙatar na'urar da aka keɓe ga inverter.Bugu da ƙari, wannan bayani ya dace da ikon da yawanci ya fi 500 kilowatts (kW).
Wata hanya kuma ita ce a yi amfani da injin inverter mai motsi na 6-pulse active current (AC) tare da tace mai wucewa a wurin shigarwa.Wannan hanyar za ta iya daidaita matakan ƙarfin lantarki daban-daban-masu jituwa masu jituwa tsakanin matsakaici (MV), babban ƙarfin lantarki (HV) da ƙarin ƙarfin lantarki (EHV) - kuma yana goyan bayan dacewa kuma yana kawar da illa ga kayan aikin abokan ciniki.Ko da yake wannan maganin gargajiya ne don rage jituwa, zai kara yawan asarar zafi kuma ya rage ikon wutar lantarki.
Wannan yana kawo mu zuwa hanya mafi inganci don rage jituwa: yi amfani da injin inverter tare da mai gyara bugun bugun jini 18, ko kuma musamman injin DC-AC wanda ke da ƙarfi ta hanyar haɗin DC ta hanyar gyaran bugun bugun jini 18 da mai canza canjin lokaci.Mai gyara bugun bugun zuciya shine maganin guda 12-pulse ko 18-pulse.Duk da cewa wannan tsari ne na al'ada don rage jituwa, saboda tsadar sa, yawanci ana amfani da shi ne kawai lokacin da aka sanya na'ura ko kuma ana buƙatar na'urar ta musamman don inverter don sabon shigarwa.Yawan wutar lantarki ya fi 500 kW.
Wasu hanyoyin hana jituwa masu jituwa suna haɓaka hasara mai zafi da rage ƙarfin wutar lantarki, yayin da wasu hanyoyin na iya haɓaka aikin tsarin.Kyakkyawan bayani da muke ba da shawara shine a yi amfani da matattara masu aiki na WEG tare da 6-pulse AC drives.Wannan kyakkyawan bayani ne don kawar da jituwa da na'urori daban-daban ke samarwa
A ƙarshe, lokacin da za'a iya sabunta wutar lantarki zuwa grid, ko kuma lokacin da mahaɗin DC guda ɗaya ke motsa motoci da yawa, wani bayani yana da kyau.Wato, ana amfani da injin sake haɓakawa na gaba mai aiki (AFE) da tace LCL.A wannan yanayin, direba yana da mai gyara aiki a shigarwar kuma ya bi ƙa'idodin da aka ba da shawarar.
Don masu juyawa ba tare da hanyar haɗin DC ba-kamar na WEG CFW500, CFW300, CFW100 da MW500 inverters-maɓalli don rage jituwa shine amsawar hanyar sadarwa.Wannan ba wai kawai yana magance matsalar jituwa ba, har ma yana magance matsalar makamashi da ake adanawa a cikin ɓangaren mai kunnawa na inverter kuma ya zama mara amfani.Tare da taimakon reactance cibiyar sadarwa, ana iya amfani da inverter mai juzu'i-ɗaya da aka ɗora ta hanyar hanyar sadarwa mai jujjuyawa don gane abin da ake iya sarrafawa.Amfanin wannan hanyar shine cewa makamashin da aka adana a cikin sashin amsawa ya yi ƙasa da karkatar da jituwa ya yi ƙasa.
Akwai wasu hanyoyi masu amfani don magance masu jituwa.Ɗayan shine ƙara yawan nauyin nauyin layi dangane da nauyin da ba na layi ba.Wata hanya kuma ita ce raba tsarin samar da wutar lantarki don kayan aiki na layi da marasa daidaituwa ta yadda akwai iyakoki na THD daban-daban tsakanin 5% zuwa 10%.Wannan hanyar ta cika da shawarwarin injiniyan da aka ambata a sama (EREC) G5 da EREC G97, waɗanda ake amfani da su don kimanta karkatar da wutar lantarki masu jituwa na tsire-tsire da kayan aiki marasa daidaituwa.
Wata hanya kuma ita ce a yi amfani da na'urar gyara tare da mafi girman adadin bugun jini da ciyar da shi zuwa na'ura mai canzawa tare da matakan sakandare da yawa.Za'a iya haɗa na'urori masu yawan iska mai yawa tare da ƙananan firamare ko sakandare da yawa a cikin wani nau'i na musamman don samar da matakan ƙarfin lantarki da ake bukata ko don fitar da kaya masu yawa a cikin fitarwa, ta haka ne samar da ƙarin zaɓuɓɓuka a cikin rarraba wutar lantarki da tsarin sassauci.
A ƙarshe, akwai aikin motsa jiki na farfadowa na AFE da aka ambata a sama.Basic Driver AC ba sabuntawa ba ne, wanda ke nufin ba za su iya dawo da makamashi zuwa tushen wutar lantarki ba-wannan bai isa ba musamman, saboda a wasu aikace-aikacen, dawo da makamashin da aka dawo takamaiman buƙatu ne.Idan ana buƙatar mayar da makamashin da aka sake haɓakawa zuwa tushen wutar lantarki na AC, wannan shine rawar motsa jiki na farfadowa.Ana maye gurbin masu gyara masu sauƙi ta hanyar inverters AFE, kuma ana iya dawo da makamashi ta wannan hanyar.
Waɗannan hanyoyin suna ba da zaɓuɓɓuka iri-iri don yaƙar jituwa kuma sun dace da nau'ikan tsarin rarraba wutar lantarki.Amma kuma suna iya adana makamashi da tsada sosai a aikace-aikace daban-daban kuma suna bin ƙa'idodin ƙasa da ƙasa.Wadannan misalan sun nuna cewa muddin aka yi amfani da fasahar inverter daidai, matsalar rashin layi daya ba za ta yi wahala a magance ta ba.
For more information, please contact: WEG (UK) LtdBroad Ground RoadLakesideRedditch WorcestershireB98 8YPT Tel: +44 (0)1527 513800 Email: info-uk@weg.net Website: https://www.weg.net
Tsari da sarrafawa A yau ba shi da alhakin abubuwan da aka ƙaddamar ko labarai da hotuna da aka samar.Danna nan don aiko mana da saƙon imel da ke sanar da mu duk wani kurakurai ko rashi da ke cikin wannan labarin.